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Mountain gorilla
The mountain gorilla (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') is one of the two subspecies of the eastern gorilla. There are two populations. One is found in the Virunga volcanic mountains of Central Africa, within three National Parks: Mgahinga, in south-west Uganda; Volcanoes, in north-west Rwanda; and Virunga in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. The other is found in Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Some primatologists consider the Bwindi population in Uganda may be a separate subspecies, though no description has been finalized. As of September 2015, the estimated number of gorillas remaining is less than 900.〔(African Wildlife Foundation, Mountain Gorilla ); 9/8/15〕
==Evolution, taxonomy and classification==
Mountain gorillas are descendants of ancestral monkeys and apes found in Africa and Arabia during the start of the Oligocene epoch (34-24 million years ago). The fossil record provides evidence of the hominoid primates (apes) found in east Africa about 22–32 million years ago. The fossil record of the area where mountain gorillas live is particularly poor and so its evolutionary history is not clear.
It was about 9 million years ago that the group of primates that were to evolve into gorillas split from their common ancestor with humans and chimps; this is when the genus ''Gorilla'' emerged. It is not certain what this early relative of the gorilla was, but it is traced back to the early ape ''Proconsul africanus''. Mountain gorillas have been isolated from eastern lowland gorillas for about 400,000 years and these two taxa separated from their western counterparts approximately 2 million years ago. There has been considerable and as yet unresolved debate over the classification of mountain gorillas. The genus was first referenced as ''Troglodytes'' in 1847, but renamed to ''Gorilla'' in 1852. It was not until 1967 that the taxonomist Colin Groves proposed that all gorillas be regarded as one species (''Gorilla gorilla'') with three sub-species ''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' (western lowland gorilla), ''Gorilla gorilla graueri'' (lowland gorillas found west of the Virungas) and ''Gorilla gorilla beringei'' (mountain gorillas including, ''Gorilla beringei'' found in the Virungas and Bwindi). In 2003 after a review they were divided into two species (''Gorilla gorilla'' and ''Gorilla beringei'') by The World Conservation Union (IUCN).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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